Lincoln Chafee
Lincoln Chafee says protecting the environment can coexist with economic strength.
In February 2014, Chafee signed an executive order creating the Rhode Island Executive Climate Change Council to advise the governor, general assembly and public on best practices to address the challenges brought on by climate change.
“I am establishing the council because for too long there has been strong evidence and scientific consensus that manmade greenhouse gases will have profound effects on global climate, weather patterns and ocean conditions — effects that the state cannot afford to ignore,” he said at the time.
Hillary Clinton
Hillary Clinton has called climate change “the most consequential, urgent, sweeping collection of challenges we face as a nation and a world.”
“It’s hard to believe that there are people running for president who still refuse to accept the settled science of climate change, who would rather remind us they are not scientists than listen to those who are,” she said in a campaign video last month. Clinton says she would set two ambitious national goals on her first day as president: (1) having more than half a billion solar panels installed by the end of her first term, and (2) generating enough power with renewable energy to power every home in the U.S. within 10 years.
But her actions have not always backed up her rhetoric. As a senator, Clinton voted in favor of offshore oil drilling. As secretary of state, she supported hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, for shale gas domestically and abroad.
“Now, I know that in some places [fracking] is controversial. But natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel available for power generation today, and a number of countries in the Americas may have shale gas resources,” she said in a speech to the Inter-American Development Bank in April 2010.
The Clinton Foundation has accepted millions of dollars from multinational oil companies, such as ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips. Clinton refuses to give her opinion on the controversial Keystone XL pipeline, which environmentalists say would increase carbon pollution dramatically.
On the other hand, she strongly supports the Environmental Protection Agency’s CO2-reducing Clean Power Plan, which was finalized in August, and said it must be “protected at all cost.”
“No matter what the deniers may say, sea levels are rising, icecaps are melting; storms, droughts and wildfires are wreaking havoc. Thirteen of the top 14 warmest years in recorded history have all occurred since 2000,” Clinton said at a League of Conservation Voters dinner in December 2014.
Her campaign is expected to present its “comprehensive energy and climate agenda” over the next few months.
Martin O'Malley
Martin O’Malley put forth his aggressive plan to combat climate change in an op-ed for USA Today.
In the opinion piece, O’Malley said President Obama’s “all of the above strategy” has made the country more energy-independent but that we cannot truly confront climate change while still building oil pipelines and drilling offshore.
“Instead, we must be intentional and committed to one overarching goal as a people: a full, complete transition to renewable energy — and an end to our reliance on fossil fuels,” he wrote. “Saving the world is a goal worthy of a great people. It is also good business for the United States of America.”
He added that protecting the nation from the devastation of global warming and capitalizing on job opportunities in green energy would be central to his presidency.
“I believe, within 35 years, our country can, and should, be 100 percent powered by clean energy, supported by millions of new jobs,” he said. “To reach this goal we must accelerate that transition starting now.”
Bernie Sanders
For environmentalists, Bernie Sanders just might be the best candidate. For the “drill, baby, drill” crowd, he might be the worst.
Climate change and the environment are central issues to his campaign.
He says the U.S. must take a leading role in confronting climate change by moving our energy system away from fossil fuels and toward clean energy.
“Unless we take bold action to address climate change, our children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren are going to look back on this period in history and ask a very simple question: Where were they?” Sanders said on his website. “Why didn’t the United States of America, the most powerful nation on earth, lead the international community in cutting greenhouse gas emissions and preventing the devastating damage that the scientific community told us would surely come?”
Sanders led the opposition to the Keystone XL pipeline. He introduced (with Sen. Barbara Boxer) what some consider the gold standard of climate change legislation to tax carbon and methane emissions and secured $3.2 billion in the economic stimulus package of grants for greenhouse gas emission reductions, according to his website.
Jim Webb
Jim Webb acknowledges that humans are contributing to climate change, but his actions in the Senate have incited the wrath of environmentalists who feel he’s exacerbating the problem.
A Virginia populist, he regularly defended the coal industry and adamantly opposed the Clean Air Act’s rules to curb emissions from coal power plants.
“I am not convinced the Clean Air Act was ever intended to regulate or classify as a dangerous pollutant something as basic and ubiquitous in our atmosphere as carbon dioxide,” he said in March 2011.
Webb also supported an amendment proposed by West Virginia Sen. Jay Rockefeller to suspend the EPA’s regulation of greenhouse gases.
“This will result in a long and expensive regulatory process that could lead to overly stringent and very costly controls on carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions,” he said in a press release that same month.
Jeb Bush
Jeb Bush acknowledges that the climate is changing but thinks it is “intellectually arrogant” to say it is anthropogenic.
“I don’t think the science is clear of what percentage is manmade and what percentage is natural. It’s convoluted,” he said at an event in New Hampshire in May, according to CNN.
The brother of former President George W. Bush does not count climate change among his “highest priorities.”
“For the people to say the science is decided on this is really arrogant, to be honest with you,” Bush continued. “It’s this intellectual arrogance that now you can’t have a conversation about it, even. The climate is changing. We need to adapt to that reality.”
Ben Carson
In a March 2014 op-ed for the Washington Times, Ben Carson said it makes little sense “to use climate change as an excuse not to develop our God-given resources.”
As human beings, he continued, we must take care of our surroundings and pass them on to future generations.
Later that year, in a November interview with Bloomberg News, he said that the issue of global warming is “irrelevant.”
“There’s always going to be either cooling or warming going on,” he said. “As far as I’m concerned, that’s irrelevant. What is relevant is that we have an obligation and a responsibility to protect our environment.”
Chris Christie
Chris Christie has said the existence of global warming is undeniable, and he thinks humans contribute to it.
“In the past I’ve always said that climate change is real and it’s impacting our state. There’s undeniable data that CO2 levels and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere are increasing,” he said during a press conference in May 2011.
Christie conceded that he is not a scientist and cannot claim to fully understand the issue. But, he added, “When you have over 90 percent of the world’s scientists who have studied this stating that climate change is occurring and that humans play a contributing role, it’s time to defer to the experts.”
During a town hall meeting in Iowa, however, Christie said he was not sure whether climate change contributed to the massive hurricane that ravaged the New Jersey coastline in late October 2012, the Washington Times reported.
“I don’t know, nor has anybody else proven to my satisfaction, that it is climate change that is causing some of these storms,” he said. “I don’t know what it is. And I haven’t seen anything, at least at this point, that’s definitive to me that it was climate change that caused Superstorm Sandy.”
Ted Cruz
Ted Cruz said global warming is not happening and dismissed it as a “pseudoscientific theory” in a conversation with Yahoo Global News Anchor Katie Couric.
“Satellite data shows there has been no significant recorded warming — none. When the satellites are measuring the temperature, it’s not happening,” he said.
Cruz claimed that politicians who want more control over people’s lives are pushing climate change.
Carly Fiorina
Carly Fiorina says the answer to the problem of climate change is not regulation, but innovation.
“There is a lot of consensus among the scientists that climate change is real and human activity contributes to it. There is also absolute consensus among the same scientists that a single nation acting alone can make no difference at all,” she said in February 2015 at an event co-hosted by the New England Council and New Hampshire Institute of Politics.
Fiorina said she resents when people use “half the science” to destroy the livelihoods of people living in coal mining or agricultural communities.
“We can shut down everything in this country and it will make no difference, because the scientists are clear,” she said. “To really combat this, we need an effort that is global in scope over many decades, costing trillions of dollars.”
Jim Gilmore
Gilmore has yet to comment on climate change.
Lindsey Graham
Lindsey Graham, who represents a coastal state that will be battered by both sea level rise and changes in hurricane intensity, has said on multiple occasions that anthropogenic climate change is real and issued challenges to his own party to take it seriously.
During a June appearance on CNN, Graham said the Republican Party does not have an environmental policy — just an energy policy.
“Here’s a question you have to ask everyone who is running as a Republican: What is the environmental policy of the Republican Party? When I ask that question, I get a blank stare,” he said.
Graham said that if he were elected president, he would deal with global warming in a fiscally responsible way that is friendly to business.
“We are going to find oil and gas that we own because we are going to use fossil fuels for a long time to come, but it is OK to set lower carbon targets,” he said.
When asked if anthropogenic climate change is real, Graham replied, “Yes, I do. Absolutely. When 90 percent of doctors say you have a problem, do you listen to the one?”
Mike Huckabee
On NBC’s “Meet the Press” in June, Mike Huckabee invoked the decades-old conjecture of global cooling to suggest that the science is not conclusive concerning climate change.
The notion of global cooling, though popular with some segments of the media, had little support within the scientific community during its sensationalist heyday in the 1970s.
“Whether it’s manmade or not, I know that when I was in college, I was being taught if we didn’t act very quickly that we were going to be entering a global freezing,” Huckabee said. “And, you know, go back and look at the covers of Time and Newsweek from the early ’70s. And we were told if we didn’t do something by 1980, we would be popsicles. Now we’re all told we’re all burning up. Science is not as settled on that as it is on some things.”
Bobby Jindal
Bobby Jindal’s energy plan from September 2014 said that climate is perpetually changing and questioned the role humans play in it.
The plan calls for strategies to mitigate “whatever climate changes may occur.” It also warns against “name-calling and grandstanding” when dealing with the issue, while characterizing many liberals as intolerant, closed-minded and arrogant.
“Global warming has become a religion for many on the left,” his plan reads. “For most radical environmentalists, their response to any questioning of their views on climate change is simply to yell, ‘Heretic!’ This is not a logical, rational or scientific way of approaching public policy.”
John Kasich
At a Republican fundraiser in Ohio in April 2012, John Kasich said he “believes” in climate change.
“This isn’t popular to always say, but I believe there is a problem with climates, climate change in the atmosphere,” Kasich said, according to the Columbus Dispatch. “I believe it. I don’t know how much there is, but I also know the good Lord wants us to be good stewards of his creation. And so, at the end of the day, if we can find these breakthroughs to help us have a cleaner environment, I’m all for it.”
It was not immediately clear whether he accepts that humans play a role in global warming.
George Pataki
George Pataki once co-chaired the Council on Foreign Relations Independent Task Force on Climate Change.
But the biography on his official website does not mention his work on this issue, and he has not addressed it recently.
With the Republican primaries nearly half a year away, it might be too early to say where Pataki will fall this time around.
Rand Paul
Rand Paul has voted against laws that acknowledge climate change is a fact or that recognize human activity as a primary factor driving it.
During an appearance on “Real Time With Bill Maher,” Paul said there is abundant evidence that carbon has been increasing since the Industrial Age but that there needs to be a balanced solution that takes job loss from government regulation into account.
“I’m not against regulation. I think the environment has been cleaned up dramatically through regulations on emissions, as well as clean water over the last 40 or 50 years, but I don’t want to shut down all forms of energy such that thousands and thousands of people lose jobs,” he said.
Paul says the science behind climate change is inconclusive and that many environmentalists are alarmists.
“If we’re going to say the Statue of Liberty’s drowning, that’s alarmist,” he said. “And we just can’t get to any kind of middle ground.”
Rick Perry
Rick Perry has said many times that the science of climate change is inconclusive.
“The idea that we would put Americans’ economy at jeopardy based on scientific theory that’s not settled yet to me is nonsense,” he said during one of the 2012 Republican presidential debates. “Just because you have a group of scientists who stood up and said, ‘Here are the facts.’ Galileo got outvoted for a spell.”
After Pope Francis’ call for dramatic action against climate change, a spokesperson for Perry released a statement saying, “Gov. Perry believes the climate is always changing, but it’s not clear what role humans have in it.”
Marc Rubio
Marco Rubio has voted against congressional legislation that acknowledges climate change is happening or that human activity is a driving factor. That amendment, which was sponsored by Bernie Sanders, was ultimately rejected in March.
In February 2010, Rubio told the Tampa Tribune that he does not think there is enough “scientific evidence to justify” a belief in the existence of human-caused global warming.
When asked if he accepts the scientific evidence that the global climate is changing, Rubio replied, “The climate is always changing. The climate is never static. The question is whether it’s caused by manmade activity and whether it justifies economically destructive government regulation.”
Rick Santorum
In February 2012, Rick Santorum said climate change is a hoax and advocated for an energy plan that relies heavily on fossil fuels, the Colorado Independent reported.
“We were put on this earth as creatures of God to have dominion over the earth, to use it wisely and steward it wisely, but for our benefit, not for the earth’s benefit,” he told the crowd, according to the Independent news site.
In early June, when asked about the pope’s stance on radio station WPHT in Philadelphia, Santorum said the church has been on the wrong side of scientific controversies in the past and should stick to theology.
“The church has gotten it wrong a few times on science, and I think we’re probably better off leaving science to the scientists and focus on what we’re really good on, which is theology and morality,” he said.
Donald Trump
Donald Trump has said global warming is a hoax created by the Chinese so that the United States would not be competitive in manufacturing, a contention scientists scoff at.
The billionaire reality TV star also has criticized the Obama administration for “the billions it pissed away” investing in failed green energy projects.
On numerous occasions, Trump has brought up the persistence of temperate zone seasons as an argument against the existence of climate change.
“It’s snowing & freezing in NYC. What the hell ever happened to global warming?” he tweeted in March 2013.
Scott Walker
When asked by a 7-year-old boy whether he cared about climate change, Walker sidestepped the question by talking about how when he was a Boy Scout he thought campsites should be clean.
Slate published an article arguing that Walker might be the worst Republican candidate for the environment because of his long track record of “undermining pro-environment programs and policies while supporting the fossil fuel industry.”
Similarly, in Scientific American, journalist Siri Carpenter said Walker has reduced the role of science in making environmental policy and silenced state workers from discussing climate change.
“And he has presided over a series of controversial rollbacks in environmental protection, including relaxing laws governing iron mining and building on wetlands, in both cases to help specific companies avoid regulatory roadblocks,” she wrote.
Democratic Debate Schedule
January 17, 2016 (NBC)
February or March, 2016 (Univision)
February or March, 2016 (PBS)
Republican Debate Schedule
January 14, 2016 (Fox News Channel)
February 6, 2016 (ABC)
February 13, 2016 (CBS)
February 26, 2016 (NBC and Telemundo)
March 10, 2016 (CNN)
March, 2016 (Fox News)